As record-breaking heat waves sweep across the United States and the world, this Independence Day holiday poses significant health risks, including potential food safety concerns. With temperatures soaring past 110 degrees Fahrenheit (43 degrees Celsius) in parts of the South, Southwest, and especially California, it’s crucial to take extra precautions.
Adding to the concern, an avian influenza outbreak has now spread to cows, raising questions about the safety of commonly consumed foods like milk, eggs, and hamburgers.
While attending an outdoor concert this week, I couldn’t help but ponder the challenges of safely celebrating the Fourth of July with all the grilled meat, burgers, and potato salad left out in the heat. How can we stay cool and safe during holiday picnics and barbecues? Are there additional food safety precautions we should take given the extreme temperatures? What other health factors should we consider, such as staying hydrated?
To address these questions, I consulted CNN wellness expert Dr. Leana Wen. Dr. Wen is an emergency physician and clinical associate professor at George Washington University and previously served as Baltimore’s health commissioner.
The Importance of Food Safety
CNN: Can you remind us why food safety is important?
Dr. Leana Wen: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports approximately 9 million cases of foodborne illness annually. These illnesses typically occur when people consume food or drink contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Most foodborne illnesses are mild but unpleasant, often causing nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea. However, some individuals can become seriously ill, requiring hospitalization, and in severe cases, the illness can be fatal. Those at highest risk include older adults, children under five, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Precautions for Barbecues and Outdoor Gatherings
CNN: What food precautions should people take for barbecues and other outdoor gatherings?
Dr. Wen: Undercooked meat is a common source of foodborne illness. To ensure meat is cooked thoroughly, use an internal thermometer. For example, chicken should reach an internal temperature of at least 165 degrees Fahrenheit, and ground beef should reach at least 160 degrees Fahrenheit.
After cooking, keep the meat at 140 degrees Fahrenheit or above until serving to prevent bacterial growth. Raw meat should be refrigerated until just before cooking to minimize the risk of contamination.
Additional Considerations in Extreme Heat
CNN: Given the hot weather forecast, are there specific factors to consider?
Dr. Wen: Yes. Under normal conditions, the US Department of Agriculture advises that perishable food can be left unrefrigerated for up to two hours. However, if the temperature exceeds 90 degrees Fahrenheit, this window reduces to one hour.
This applies to both cooked meats, such as hamburgers, and perishable salads like potato salad and coleslaw. In hot weather, these foods should be consumed immediately or refrigerated within an hour.
Managing Food Safety Without Refrigeration
CNN: What about barbecues at parks or other places without refrigerators?
Dr. Wen: Use a well-insulated cooler with plenty of ice to keep raw, uncooked meat at 40 degrees Fahrenheit or lower until ready to grill. Store uncooked meat in tightly sealed bags to prevent contamination of other items like vegetables and fruit.
Be mindful of cross-contamination by using separate utensils, plates, and containers for raw meat and other foods. Label these items to avoid mixing them up with those used for salads, fruits, chips, and buns.
Hand Hygiene and Avian Flu Concerns
CNN: And make sure to wash your hands after handling raw meat?
Dr. Wen: Absolutely. Washing hands with soap and water after handling raw meat is essential to prevent the spread of bacteria and avoid contaminating other foods.
CNN: Has the avian flu outbreak affected how we should approach eating products like hamburgers and chicken wings? Is it still safe to consume eggs and milk?
Dr. Wen: Federal health officials assure that it is safe to eat these products, provided meat and eggs are cooked to the recommended temperatures. It is also safe to drink milk, but it must be pasteurized. Raw milk can harbor bacteria and potentially transmit bird flu. Consuming raw milk was already inadvisable before the bird flu outbreak and remains so.
Other Health Considerations for the Fourth of July
CNN: Besides food safety, what other health issues should we consider this Fourth of July?
Dr. Wen: Be aware of the symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke, especially in children, older adults, and those with chronic medical conditions. Pets are also vulnerable to overheating. Never leave pets or children unattended in cars, as the temperature inside can quickly become fatal.
Seek shade whenever possible and stay well-hydrated. Water is the best option for hydration, and be cautious with excessive caffeine and alcohol, which can be dangerous during heat waves. Wear sun-protective clothing and frequently apply sunscreen to safeguard against sunburn.
By following these precautions, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable holiday celebration despite the challenging weather conditions.
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